Sunday, October 6, 2013

English Sentences

Labels:

Relative Pronouns (who / which / whose)

Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
  1. This is the bank which(i) was robbed yesterday.
  2. A boy whose(i) sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
  3. The man who(i) robbed the bank had two pistols.
  4. He wore a mask which(i) made him look like Mickey Mouse.
  5. He came with a friend who(i) waited outside in the car.
  6. The woman who(i) gave him the money was young.
  7. The bag which(i) contained the money was yellow.
  8. The people who(i) were in the bank were very frightened.
  9. A man whose(i) mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
  10. A woman whose(i) daughter was crying tried to calm her.
  11. The car which(i) the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
  12. The robber whose(i) mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
  13. The man who(i) drove the car was nervous.
  14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights which(i) were red.
  15. A police officer whose(i) car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.

Subject Pronouns or Object Pronouns?

Decide whether the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun or an object pronoun.
  1. Do you know the girl who I danced with? - object pronoun(i)
  2. Do you know the girl who danced with me? - subject pronoun(i)
  3. The apples that are lying on the table are bad. - subject pronoun(i)
  4. The apples that we bought in the shop are bad. - object pronoun(i)
  5. We will stay at a hotel which is not far from the beach. - subject pronoun(i)
  6. We will stay at a hotel which my friend has recommended to us. object pronoun(i)
  7. That is a museum which I like very much. - object pronoun(i)
  8. That is a museum which lies in the heart of the town. subject pronoun(i)
  9. This is the man who Barbara visited in Scotland. object pronoun(i)
  10. This is the man who lives in Scotland. subject pronoun(i)

Relative Pronouns - necessary or not?

Decide whether the relative pronouns must be used or not.
  1. A calendar is something which tells you the date.
     (i)
  2. Strikers are soccer players who try to score goals for their team.
     (i)
  3. Jane is a person who everybody likes.

     (i)
  4. A stamp is something which you put on a letter if you want to send it.

     (i)
  5. The Thames is a river which runs through London.
     (i)
  6. Cheese is food which mice like eating.

     (i)
  7. A racket is something which you use to hit a ball when you play tennis or badminton.

     (i)
  8. Socks are things which you wear on your feet.

     (i)
  9. A guide is a person who shows tourists around around a place.
     (i)
  10. Love is a feeling which nobody can describe.

     (i)

Relative pronouns – necessary or not?

Decide whether the relative pronouns must be used or not.
  1. The book which is on the table belongs to Brandon.
     (i)
  2. The museum which we visited last month is closed now.

     (i)
  3. The man who you saw in the house is my cousin.

     (i)
  4. Bob, who I know very well, is going out with Mary.
     (i)
  5. I cannot forget the song which they played last night.

     (i)
  6. The woman who is talking to Sue is my aunt.
     (i)
  7. I cannot remember the hotel that we stayed at.

     (i)
  8. Lucy, who I haven't seen for ages, rang me last night.
     (i)
  9. A person that you don't trust won't trust you either.

     (i)
  10. My father, whom I helped to install his computer, always forgets his password.
     (i)

Relative Adverbs

Choose the correct relative adverb.
  1. This is the station where(i) Emily met James.
  2. July and August are the months when(i) most people go on holiday.
  3. Do you know the reason why(i) so many people in the world learn English?
  4. This is the church where(i) Sue and Peter got married.
  5. Edinburgh is the town where(i) Alexander Graham Bell was born.
  6. 25 December is the day when(i) children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents.
  7. A famine was the reason why(i) so many Irish people emigrated to the USA in the 19th century.
  8. A greengrocer's is a shop where(i) you can buy vegetables.
  9. The day when(i) I arrived was very nice.
  10. A horror film was the reason why(i) I couldn't sleep last night.

who / which

Use who for people; for everything else use which.
Decide whether to use who or which.
  1. The people who(i) built Stonehenge lived several thousand years ago.
  2. The huge stones which(i) are more than 6 metres high weigh about 45 tons.
  3. The smaller stones weigh about 4 tons and are from an area in Wales which(i) is 400 kilometres away from Stonehenge.
  4. As Stonehenge lies in a large field, tourists who(i) come to this place can already see the stones from a distance.
  5. Everybody who(i) has visited Stonehenge says that it is very impressive.






  1. A Scot is a person who lives in Scotland.(i)
  2. Nessie is a monster which lives in Loch Ness.(i)
  3. A fridge is a thing which keeps food cool.(i)
  4. A DJ is someone who plays music in a disco.(i)
  5. A bee is an insect which makes honey.(i)
  6. A lemon is a fruit which is yellow and sour.(i)
  7. A watch is a thing which tells the time.(i)
  8. A ferry is a ship which carries people across the water.(i)
  9. A shop assistant is someone who works in a shop.(i)
  10. A key is a thing which can open and lock doors.(i)

Exercise on Relative Clauses (Contact clauses)

Write relative clauses without using the relative pronoun.
  1. I gave you a book. It had many pictures.
    → The book I gave you had many pictures.(i)
  2. I am reading a book at the moment. It is very interesting.
    → The book I am reading at the moment is very interesting.(i)
  3. You live in a town. The town is very old.
    → The town you live in is very old.(i)
  4. The sweets are delicious. I bought them yesterday.
    → The sweets I bought yesterday are delicious.(i)
  5. The football match was very exciting. My friend played in it.
    → The football match my friend played in was very exciting.(i)
  6. The letter hasn't arrived yet. I posted it three days ago.
    → The letter In both sentences we find information about the letter. The sentence where 'letter' is the subject (first sentence) is the main information. The additional information ('I posted three days ago') is placed after the subject. The object 'it' from the second sentence is dropped.
  7. He lives in a house. The house is not very big.
    → The house he lives in is not very big.(i)
  8. They are playing a song on the radio. Do you like it?
    → Do you like the song they are playing on the radio?(i)
  9. Jane wore a beautiful shirt yesterday. Did you see it?
    → Did you see the beautiful shirt Jane wore yesterday?(i)
  10. Sue is going out with a boy. I don't like him.
    → I don't like the boy Sue is going out with.(i)

Definitions with Relative Clauses

Choose the correct definition.
  1. A library is a building where you can borrow books.
  2. A butterfly is an insect which has colourful wings.
  3. A waiter is a man who serves drinks and food in a restaurant.
  4. A night is the time of a day when it is dark outside.
  5. A bricklayer is a person who builds houses.
  6. A dictionary is a book where you can look up words in another language.
  7. A pickpocket is a person who steals purses from pockets and bags
  8. A carnivore is an animal which lives on meat.
  9. A synonym is a word which has the same meaning as another word.
  10. Spring is the season of the year when plants begin to grow.

Relative clauses - defining or non-defining?

Study the situations and then decide whether the following relative clauses are defining or non-defining.
defining – no commas
non-defining – commas
  1. I have three brothers.
     (i)
  2. I have one sister.

     (i)
  3. Bob's mum has lost her keys.

     (i)
  4. My friend Jane moved to Canada.

     (i)
  5. I am a shoe fanatic.
     (i)
  6. Mr Robinson is very famous.

     (i)
  7. Tamara has two cats. Both of them are black.

     (i)
  8. Kevin has four cats. Two of them are black.
     (i)
  9. We are on holiday. Yesterday we visited a church.
     (i)
  10. We are on holiday. Yesterday we visited a church.

     (i)

Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Combine the sentences using relative clauses. Note that all relative clauses are non-defining.
  1. Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson was born in 1709.
    Samuel Johnson , who was born in 1709, was the son of a bookseller.(i)
  2. In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in Oxford.
    In 1728, he went to Oxford, where he studied at Pembroke College.(i)
  3. Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree. He was too poor to pay the fees.
    Johnson , who was too poor to pay the fees, had to leave Oxford without a degree.(i)
  4. In 1737, Johnson moved to London. There he wrote poetry, essays and biographies.
    In 1737, Johnson moved to London, where he wrote poetry, essays and biographies.(i)
  5. In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary. It took him nine years to complete.
    In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary, which took him nine years to complete.(i)
  6. His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London. It is a museum now.
    17 Gough Square in London , which is a museum now, was his home at that time.(i)
  7. In this house, his wife died in 1752. Her name was Elizabeth Porter.
    In this house his wife , whose name was Elizabeth Porter, died in 1752.(i)
  8. In 1755, the work was published. It was called A Dictionary of the English Language.
    In 1755, the work , which was called A Dictionary of the English Language, was published.(i)
  9. Samuel Johnson died in 1784. He is buried in Westminster Abbey.
    Samuel Johnson , who died in 1784, is buried in Westminster Abbey.(i)

Forming relative clauses

Combine the sentences using a relative clause. Use relatvie pronouns only where necessary. Note that you have to use commas in some of the sentences.

A holiday in Scotland

  1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.
    Last year we spent our holidays in Scotland, which is in the north of Great Britain.(i)
  2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.
    The people who live in Scotland are called Scots.(i)
  3. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
    We first went to Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland.(i)
  4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.
    Arthur Conan Doyle , who wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories, was born in Edinburgh.(i)
  5. Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.
    The lake we then visited is in the Highlands.(i)
  6. Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster.
    Loch Ness , which people know for its friendly monster, is 37 km long.(i)
  7. There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.
    An old man we met there told us that he had seen Nessie.(i)
  8. We then travelled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William.
    We then travelled to a mountain which is near the town of Fort William.(i)
  9. The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis.
    The mountain , which is the highest mountain in Great Britain, is called Ben Nevis.(i)
  10. I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
    The postcard I sent you was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.(i)

Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are formed with »who« or »that« gebildet. We use »who« for people and »that« for animals, things or events.

Exercise

Read the text again and complete the sentences according to the text.
  1. San Francisco was inhabited by the Ohlone who are a native American tribe(i) .
  2. In the 19th century there were many people in San Francisco who wanted fo find gold(i) .
  3. There is a bridge that connects San Francisco and San Francisco Peninsula(i) .
  4. The bridge is used by people who drive on the United States Highway 101(i) .
  5. There is a strait called Golden Gate that gave the famous bridge its name(i) .

Test

Complete the definitions.

  1. A banana is a fruit which is long and yellow.
  2. A hat is a thing which people wear on their heads.
  3. A pony is a horse which is very small.
  4. A dentist is a person who pulls teeth.
  5. A bus is a big car which carries a lot of people.

Decide whether the relative pronoun is correct or not.

  1. The postman which works in this village is very old.

     (i)
  2. The egg which is in the nest is brown.
     (i)
  3. Where is the bed who was in the attic?

     (i)
  4. The bottles that are lying on the floor are green.
     (i)
  5. The cowboy who is wearing the red shirt is very funny.
     (i)

Complete the sentences with relative clauses in simple present. Use who or which.

  1. This is the man who works at the station(i) .
  2. The tree which grows in the garden(i) is an apple tree.
  3. The man who goes jogging(i) every Friday is my neighbour.
  4. The elephants which live in Africa(i) have big ears.
  5. Turn left at the yellow house which is opposite(i) the petrol station.

Test

Choose the correct relative pronoun.

  1. This is the man who(i) built our house.
  2. There is the bridge which(i) we have to cross.
  3. The girl who(i) lives next door is very nice.
  4. The bus which(i) takes you to the station should be here any minute.
  5. This is the dog which(i) barks every night.

Decide whether the relative pronoun is necessary or not.

  1. This is the ring that I found yesterday.

     (i)
  2. Do you know the man that is speaking with Anne?
     (i)
  3. I still have the book that you gave me.

     (i)
  4. Is this the woman that lost her purse?
     (i)
  5. Is this the key that we were looking for?

     (i)

Complete the sentences with relative clauses. Use who or which.

  1. A Dutch is a person who lives in the Netherlands.(i)
  2. A giant is someone who is very tall.(i)
  3. An alarm clock is a clock which wakes you up in the morning.(i)
  4. A ladybird is a red beetle which has black spots on its back.(i)
  5. A waitress is a woman who serves food and drinks in a restaurant.(i)

Combine the sentences using a relative clauses without a relative pronouns (Contact Clauses).

  1. I watched a film last night. The film was interesting.
    The film I watched last night was interesting.(i)
  2. Carly helps a man. The man is my teacher.
    The man Carly helps is my teacher.(i)
  3. We ate chicken at the restaurant. It was delicious.
    The chicken we ate at the restaurant was delicious.(i)
  4. The boy is very nice. I know him from school.
    The boy I know from school is very nice.(i)
  5. The shoes are too big. My grandma bought them for me.
    The shoes my grandma bought for me are too big.(i)

Test

Choose the correct relative pronoun or relative adverb.

  1. A castle is a place where a king or queen lives.
  2. An actress is a woman who plays in films or theatre plays.
  3. This is the girl whose mother is from Canada.
  4. This is the time of the year when many people suffer from hayfever.
  5. The flowers which grow in the garden are beautiful.

Decide whether the relative pronoun is necessary or not.

  1. This is the picture that Jane painted.

     (i)
  2. Do you know the man who is speaking on the phone?
     (i)
  3. We ate the sweets which my mother had bought.

     (i)
  4. Is this the boy who plays the piano?
     (i)
  5. This is the house that was broken into.
     (i)

Complete the sentences using a relative clause.

  1. Catherine and Sue are two girls who like dancing.(i)
  2. My mobile phone is something which is very important to me.(i)
  3. Antony is a friend of mine who lives in Boston.(i)
  4. West Side Story is a musical which is very famous.(i)
  5. An airport is a place where planes land.(i)

Combine the sentences using relative clauses without relative pronouns (contact clauses).

  1. We bought a car last week. The car is blue.
    The car we bought last week is blue.(i)
  2. The girl is a singer. We met her at the party.
    The girl we met at the party is a singer.(i)
  3. The bananas are on the table. George bought them.
    The bananas George bought are on the table.(i)
  4. We watched a film last night. It was really scary.
    The film we watched last night was really scary.(i)
  5. I have to learn new words. They are very difficult.
    The new words I have to learn are very difficult.(i)

Test

Choose the correct relative pronoun or relative adverb.

  1. The woman who is sitting at the desk is Mr Winter's secretary.
  2. I cannot remember the reason why he wanted us to leave.
  3. Jane, whose mother is a physician, is very good at biology.
  4. She didn’t see the snake which was lying on the ground.
  5. Do you know the shop where Andrew picked me up?

Combine the sentences with relative clauses. (Decide whether to use commas or not.)

  1. A monk is a man. The man has devoted his life to God.
    A monk is a man who has devoted his life to God.(i)
  2. I have one black cat. His name is Blacky.
    I have one black cat, whose name is Blacky.(i)
  3. A herbivore is an animal. The animal feeds upon vegetation.
    A herbivore is an animal that feeds upon vegetation.(i)
  4. Carol plays the piano brilliantly. She is only 9 years old.
    Carol , who is only 9 years old, plays the piano brilliantly.(i)
  5. Sydney is the largest Australian city. It is not the capital of Australia.
    Sydney , which is not the capital of Australia, is the largest Australian city.(i)

Combine the sentences with contact clauses.

  1. We ordered a book. It was very expensive.
    The book we ordered was very expensive.(i)
  2. You are sitting on a bench. The paint on the bench is still wet.
    The paint on the bench you are sitting on is still wet.(i)
  3. The photographer could not develop the pictures. I had taken them in Australia.
    The photographer could not develop the pictures I had taken in Australia.(i)
  4. One of the bins smells awful. You haven’t emptied the bin for 3 weeks.
    The bin you haven't emptied for 3 weeks smells awful.(i)
  5. They are singing a song. I don’t know the song.
    They are singing a song I don't know.(i)

Combine the sentences with relative clauses or contact clauses. Use contact clauses where possible. (Decide whether to use commas or not.)

  1. The city seems to be abandoned. It is usually crowded with people.
    The city, which is usually crowded with people, seems to be abandoned.(i)
  2. You made an offer. We cannot accept it.
    We cannot accept the offer you made.(i)
  3. A midwife is a woman. She assists other women in childbirth.
    A woman who assists other women in childbirth is a midwife.(i)
  4. Three youngsters were arrested by the police. They had committed criminal offences.
    The police arrested three youngsters who had committed criminal offences.(i)
  5. The World Wide Web has become an essential part of our lives. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee.
    Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which has become an essential part of our lives.

at
Posted by

No comments:

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)